Calculators Backup power planning

What solar and battery capacity supports essential loads?

Size essential loads first, then estimate battery, solar, and inverter needs.

About 4 minutes You’ll need: essential loads, use hours, and sun assumptions

Solar power calculator for household backup energy planning

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Essential loads

Select the loads you would keep on during an outage. Their listed hours are practical planning defaults that you can refine with appliance data.

Optional load not shown above.

Hours this custom load runs each day.

Sun and battery assumptions

Use a conservative annual average peak-sun-hours value. This calculator does not convert weather observations into solar production.

Choose 2-8. A lower value gives a more conservative plan.

1-7 days of essential-load use without meaningful recharge.

Advanced system, panel, and site assumptions

PVWatts currently uses 14% as its default system loss. Battery efficiency, inverter margin, panel rating, and panel area are editable equipment assumptions—not site or installation guarantees.

Optional utility-bill daily average.

Enter this ZIP in PVWatts for a site-specific estimate. It is not sent anywhere by this calculator.

Illustrative sizing math

Daily essential watt-hours to array and storage planning figures

These illustrative rows show how daily essential energy use relates to array watts (using an example 4 peak-sun-hour window and 75% system efficiency) and a 1-day storage target (using an example 20% reserve and 85% conversion efficiency). Actual production depends on season, weather, tilt, shade, and charge-controller voltage/current limits.

Daily essential load Illustrative array @ 4 peak sun hours Illustrative array @ 3 peak sun hours 1-day battery nameplate estimate
500 Wh / day ~167 W array ~222 W array ~735 Wh nameplate
1,000 Wh / day ~333 W array ~444 W array ~1,471 Wh nameplate
2,000 Wh / day ~667 W array ~889 W array ~2,941 Wh nameplate

Use the estimate as a design brief

Start with essential loads and a conservative solar assumption. The result helps frame questions for site-specific production modeling and professional electrical design.

  1. List essential appliances, their running watts, daily hours, and any motor or compressor startup load.
  2. Use a conservative peak-sun-hours value for the least favorable season you expect the system to cover.
  3. Check production in NLR PVWatts, confirm site constraints, and have final electrical work designed and permitted correctly.

Common questions

Does this tell me how many panels fit on my roof?

No. It estimates energy capacity and a rough area. A site assessment must account for shade, orientation, setbacks, structure, wind or snow loads, equipment clearances, and local codes.

Why is battery capacity larger than one day of use?

Storage planning includes the autonomy period and conversion or usable-capacity assumptions. Real performance also varies with temperature, age, discharge limits, and equipment settings.

Can I use this as a final electrical design?

No. Verify solar production with a tool such as NLR PVWatts, confirm surge loads, and use qualified professionals for final equipment, permitting, and electrical work.

Plan first. Buy what is missing.

Compare solar-rechargeable 1 kWh LFP power stations

Verify solar input voltage, amp limits, and continuous AC output against your array and loads. These documented examples are not selected from your calculator answers.